How Can Organisms Be Produced With Desired Traits
Selective breeding and factor engineering
Organisms with desirable characteristics can exist selectively bred by humans. Dogs and cows are often selectively bred. Genetic modification involves the motion of genes from one organism to another.
Selective breeding
Selective breeding or artificial selection is when humans breed plants and animals for item genetic characteristics. Humans have bred food crops from wild plants and domesticated animals for thousands of years.
Chief steps involved
Selective breeding takes identify over many generations. These are the main steps for both plants and animals:
- Decide which characteristics are of import plenty to select.
- Choose parents that show these characteristics from a mixed population. They are bred together.
- Choose the best offspring with the desired characteristics to produce the next generation.
- Repeat the process continuously over many generations, until all offspring show the desired characteristics.
Farmers selectively breed different types of cows with highly desirable characteristics in order to produce the best meat and dairy.
Characteristics can be chosen for usefulness or appearance.
Desired characteristics in plants:
- disease resistance in food crops
- wheat plants that produce lots of grain
- big or unusual flowers
Desired characteristics in animals:
- animals that produce lots of milk or meat
- chickens that lay large eggs
- domestic dogs that accept a gentle nature
- sheep with good quality wool
- horses with fine features and a very fast step
The new varieties may be economically important. For example, they may provide more or ameliorate quality nutrient.
Source: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zqftrwx/revision/1
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